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Lentigines (age spots) and ephelides (freckles) are frequently dark, brown or black spots that show over time on sun exposed areas of the skin. These spots are normally on the back of the hands, face and legs. Those who tan exaggeratedly may also have them over the shoulders, back, chest and many other areas of skin.

Markings such as lentigines are superficial collections of the skin pigment named melanin that have accumulated within the external layer of the skin, called the epidermis.

Ephelides occur mostly in lighter skin types, particularly in individuals who get skin burns quickly when exposed to the sun. Lentigines typically appear later in life and can develop on all skin types.

Certain skin marks and age spots medically referred to as lentigos are often called "liver spots" or "age spots". However, both of these names are misnomers. While freckles do tend to show over time, they are not in and of themselves a sign of old age. Rather, they appear on the sun-exposed areas of people who have a genetic tendency to develop them.

When excessively exposed to UV rays, whether from a tanning bed, a sun lamp or years of going out without sunscreen, vulnerable skin defends itself by producing an overabundance of melanin, resulting in uneven areas. Age spots or lentigos and seborrhoeic keratoses are brown patches that commonly appear on the back of the hands, face and the back. This pigment is deposited as a form of response to damage, just like a scar is a response to a cut.

Even while this condition is inoffensive, it must not be confused with melanoma, a form of skin cancer. Lentigo affects both genders equally. Ethnically, the majority of cases happen in skin types I-II, but lentigo has been observed in all other types on rare occasions. The lighter complexion in Caucasians increases one's sun sensitivity and gives way for the increased risk of having the condition. Individuals that suffer from the inability to tan in natural sunlight are particularly at risk and should be extremely attentive about everyday ways to maintain healthy skin. Inherited factors must also be considered; people with a family history of melanoma, or potential precursors to melanoma, are more at risk to developing lentigos.

Lentigo-type freckles & Seborrheic Keratoses

Often older persons who acquire these lentigo-type freckles also have raised, brown, crusty lesions named seborrheic keratoses. Seborrheic dermatoses are also benign (not malignant) growths of the skin. Although they are most often brown, they can vary in color and range anywhere from light tan to black. The unique feature of seborrheic keratoses is their waxy appearance. They seem like they have either been pasted on the skin or can be physically similar to a drop of melted brown candle wax that dropped on the skin. Seborrheic keratoses can happen in the same areas as freckles, but since they are not caused by sunlight, they can also be observed on covered areas. When they first show, the growths commonly begin one at a time as small rough bumps. Eventually, they thicken and form a rough, warty surface.

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